How our calculators work
- They run in your browser. The numbers you enter are never sent to our servers.
- Every calculator shows its work. Each page explains the formula, walks through a worked example and lists its official sources.
- Loans use standard amortization. Monthly payments apply your APR monthly (APR ÷ 12) to the remaining balance, the way installment loans are normally quoted.
- APRs follow the federal method. For personal loans with fees and for equipment and SBA loans, we find the rate at which your payments exactly repay the cash you receive, then annualize it, as Regulation Z describes for consumer loans.
- Tax estimates are federal only, using the brackets and deductions below. State income taxes, credits and other deductions aren’t included unless a page says so.
Federal income tax (2026)
Used by the Schedule 1-A, tips, overtime, car loan interest and senior deduction calculators. The 2025 figures are also built in for 2025 returns. Every filing status is on our 2026 tax brackets page.
| Rate | Single: taxable income | Married filing jointly |
|---|---|---|
| 10% | Up to $12,400 | Up to $24,800 |
| 12% | $12,400 to $50,400 | $24,800 to $100,800 |
| 22% | $50,400 to $105,700 | $100,800 to $211,400 |
| 24% | $105,700 to $201,775 | $211,400 to $403,550 |
| 32% | $201,775 to $256,225 | $403,550 to $512,450 |
| 35% | $256,225 to $640,600 | $512,450 to $768,700 |
| 37% | Over $640,600 | Over $768,700 |
| Standard deduction | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Single or married filing separately | $15,750 | $16,100 |
| Married filing jointly | $31,500 | $32,200 |
| Head of household | $23,625 | $24,150 |
| Extra amount per person 65+ or blind (married) | $1,600 | $1,650 |
| Extra amount per person 65+ or blind (unmarried) | $2,000 | $2,050 |
New deductions for 2025–2028
Created by the 2025 tax law (Public Law 119-21) and claimed on Schedule 1-A:
| Deduction | Maximum | Phase-out |
|---|---|---|
| Qualified tips | $25,000 per return | −$100 per $1,000 of MAGI over $150,000 ($300,000 joint) |
| Qualified overtime (FLSA premium only) | $12,500 ($25,000 joint) | −$100 per $1,000 of MAGI over $150,000 ($300,000 joint) |
| Car loan interest | $10,000 per return | −$200 per $1,000, or part of $1,000, of MAGI over $100,000 ($200,000 joint) |
| Senior deduction | $6,000 per person 65+ | −6% of MAGI over $75,000 ($150,000 joint) |
Married people filing separately can’t claim the tips, overtime or senior deductions. For the tips and overtime deductions, the phase-out counts whole $1,000 steps. The car loan interest phase-out counts any part of $1,000 as a full step, as the law’s wording provides.
Child tax credit and earned income credit (2026)
Used by the tax refund calculator, from IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 and the Internal Revenue Code as amended by Public Law 119-21. The child tax credit is $2,200 per child under 17, up to $1,700 of it refundable (15% of earned income above $2,500), and $500 per other dependent. Both shrink by $50 for each $1,000, or part of $1,000, of MAGI over $200,000 ($400,000 joint).
| EITC, qualifying children | Credit rate | Maximum credit | Phase-out starts (joint) | Phase-out rate | Ends (joint) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 7.65% | $664 | $10,860 ($18,140) | 7.65% | $19,540 ($26,820) |
| 1 | 34% | $4,427 | $23,890 ($31,160) | 15.98% | $51,593 ($58,863) |
| 2 | 40% | $7,316 | $23,890 ($31,160) | 21.06% | $58,629 ($65,899) |
| 3 or more | 45% | $8,231 | $23,890 ($31,160) | 21.06% | $62,974 ($70,244) |
Investment income limit: $12,200. The credit is figured on earned income and, above the phase-out start, on AGI too, and the smaller amount applies. Taxable Social Security follows IRS Publication 915, Worksheet 1.
ACA premium tax credit (2026 and 2027 coverage)
Used by the ACA subsidy calculator. Each coverage year uses the previous year’s federal poverty guidelines: the 2026 guidelines for 2027 coverage and the 2025 guidelines for 2026 coverage.
| Region | 2027 coverage: 1 person | Each additional | 2026 coverage: 1 person | Each additional |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48 contiguous states and DC | $15,960 | $5,680 | $15,650 | $5,500 |
| Alaska | $19,950 | $7,100 | $19,550 | $6,880 |
| Hawaii | $18,360 | $6,530 | $17,990 | $6,330 |
Your expected contribution toward the benchmark silver plan is a share of your household income that rises with income (IRS Rev. Proc. 2026-26 for 2027 and Rev. Proc. 2025-25 for 2026):
| Household income (% of poverty line) | Share of income you pay (2027) | 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| Under 133% | 2.15% | 2.10% |
| 133% to 150% | 3.23% to 4.30% | 3.14% to 4.19% |
| 150% to 200% | 4.30% to 6.78% | 4.19% to 6.60% |
| 200% to 250% | 6.78% to 8.66% | 6.60% to 8.44% |
| 250% to 300% | 8.66% to 10.22% | 8.44% to 9.96% |
| 300% to 400% | 10.22% | 9.96% |
| Above 400% | No premium tax credit | No premium tax credit |
Within each band, the percentage rises in a straight line from the lower to the higher figure. The enhanced credits of 2021–2025 expired at the end of 2025 and haven’t been restored, which is why the cliff at 400% applies in 2026 and 2027. Our ACA income limits page turns these percentages into dollar amounts by household size.
Medicare IRMAA (2026)
Used by the IRMAA calculator. The standard Part B premium for 2026 is $202.90 a month, with a $283 deductible. Higher-income beneficiaries pay more, based on their modified AGI from two years earlier (their 2024 tax return for 2026):
| MAGI, individual return | MAGI, joint return | Part B premium | Part D surcharge |
|---|---|---|---|
| $109,000 or less | $218,000 or less | $202.90 | — |
| Over $109,000 to $137,000 | Over $218,000 to $274,000 | $284.10 | +$14.50 |
| Over $137,000 to $171,000 | Over $274,000 to $342,000 | $405.80 | +$37.50 |
| Over $171,000 to $205,000 | Over $342,000 to $410,000 | $527.50 | +$60.40 |
| Over $205,000 and under $500,000 | Over $410,000 and under $750,000 | $649.20 | +$83.30 |
| $500,000 or more | $750,000 or more | $689.90 | +$91.00 |
Separate-return amounts and a comparison with 2025 are on our 2026 IRMAA brackets page.
Medicare late enrollment penalties
Used by the Medicare late enrollment penalty calculator:
- Part B: 10% of the standard Part B premium ($202.90 in 2026) for each full 12-month period you could have had Part B but didn’t.
- Part D: 1% of the national base beneficiary premium ($38.99 in 2026) for each full month without creditable drug coverage, rounded to the nearest $0.10.
SSDI back pay
Used by the SSDI back pay calculator:
- Benefits start after a five-month waiting period of full calendar months from the established onset date. There is no waiting period for ALS.
- Benefits can be paid for up to 12 months before the month you applied.
- A representative’s fee under a fee agreement is 25% of past-due benefits, capped at $9,200.
Lending and business calculators
The DTI calculator compares your ratios with these program limits:
| Program | Front-end (housing) | Back-end (all debts) |
|---|---|---|
| Conventional (automated) | — | 50% |
| Conventional (manual) | — | 45% |
| FHA | 31% | 43% |
| VA (guideline) | — | 41% |
| USDA | 29% | 41% |
| Typical HELOC lender | — | 43% |
The house affordability calculator finds the highest price whose full payment fits the 28/36 rule (its comfortable price) and the standard conventional (45%), FHA (31%/43%) and VA (41%) limits above (its lender maximum). It uses minimum down payments of 3% conventional and 3.5% FHA; FHA’s 1.75% upfront premium and annual premiums from HUD Mortgagee Letter 2023-05; the VA funding fee chart in effect since April 7, 2023; and the 2026 conforming loan limit of $832,750 and FHA limits of $541,287 to $1,249,125. It and the mortgage calculator start from Freddie Mac’s weekly average rate (7.28% for a 30-year fixed loan on October 1, 2026).
The SBA loan calculator applies SBA’s guaranteed share (85% for loans up to $150,000, 75% above), the guaranty fee schedule set by law (which SBA can lower in a given year) and SBA’s maximum spreads over the prime rate for variable-rate 7(a) loans. The Roth conversion calculator uses the federal tax figures above and the latest IRMAA brackets.
Home equity limits, credit score minimums, origination fees and equipment lease terms vary by lender. Our calculators let you enter the terms you’re quoted. Where pages mention typical ranges, those are industry norms, not legal limits.
How we test the math
- Every calculation engine is covered by automated tests that run on every change to the site.
- Tests check results against known values, such as standard amortization results and published premium tables.
- Tests also check that official tables are internally consistent. For example, each IRMAA Part B amount must equal the standard premium times 1.4, 2.0, 2.6, 3.2 or 3.4.
- Every build is checked automatically for broken links and missing page information before it goes live.
When we update
Agencies publish new figures on a regular calendar. We update the affected calculators when they do, and change each page’s date only when its content changes.
| When | What changes | Where |
|---|---|---|
| August–September | IRS applicable percentages for next year’s ACA premium tax credits | ACA subsidy calculator |
| October | IRS tax brackets and standard deduction for the next tax year | Tax deduction calculators |
| October | Social Security cost-of-living adjustment and earnings limits | SSDI back pay calculator |
| October–November | CMS Medicare Part B premium and IRMAA brackets | IRMAA calculator |
| January | HHS poverty guidelines, used for the next ACA coverage year | ACA subsidy calculator |
Limitations
Our results are estimates for education. Your actual tax, premium, benefit or loan terms can depend on details our calculators don’t ask about, such as state rules, other credits and deductions, or a lender’s own requirements. Check important numbers with the agency or lender involved, or with a qualified professional.
Official sources
- IRS, tax inflation adjustments for tax year 2026
- IRS, One, Big, Beautiful Bill provisions
- Public Law 119-21 (H.R. 1)
- IRS Rev. Proc. 2026-26, 2027 applicable percentage table
- IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-25, 2026 applicable percentage table
- HHS, poverty guidelines
- CMS, 2026 Medicare Parts A and B premiums and deductibles
- SSA, Medicare premiums for higher-income beneficiaries
- SSA, fee agreements
- Fannie Mae Selling Guide B3-6-02, debt-to-income ratios
- HUD Mortgagee Letter 2023-05, FHA annual mortgage insurance premiums
- VA, funding fee and loan closing costs
- FHFA, 2026 conforming loan limits
- Freddie Mac, Primary Mortgage Market Survey
- CFPB, Regulation Z §1026.22 (APR calculation)
Corrections
If you think a figure or a result is wrong, email hello@calcvera.net with the page and the numbers you entered. We check every report against the official source, fix confirmed errors promptly and update the page’s date. Read more in our editorial policy.